Description and contextualization of the subject

Distributed generation, also called on-site generation or decentralized generation, is the term for generation of electricity from sources that are near the point of consumption, as opposed to centralized generation sources such as large utility-owned power plants.

Common distributed generation systems (DGS) include: Solar photovoltaic panels, small wind turbines, natural gas or hydrogen-fired fuel cells, combined heat and power (CHP) systems, biomass combustion, internal combustion (IC) small systems, gas microturbines, micro hydropower and marine energy.



Various technical and economic issues occur in the integration of these resources into a grid. Technical problems arise in the areas of power quality, voltage stability, harmonics, reliability, protection, and control. In order to face all these problems, good knowledge and modeling of DGSs for a subsequent management and control is a key matter.



In this subject some of the most common DGSs will be studied in order to develop the models that will allow to study the performance of them under dynamic situations.



In the event that the sanitary conditions prevent the realization of a teaching activity and / or face-to-face evaluation, a non-face-to-face modality will be activated of which the students will be informed promptly.

Ordinary call: orientations and renunciation

CONTINUOUS EVALUATION SYSTEM:



The evaluation is of ongoing type. It is why it is compulsory to be present in class. The subject is assessed from 3 different activities, according to this weighting:



- Individual exercises and tasks during the course: 30%

- Reports of applied laboratory practices: 20%

- Final written exam: 50%



During the course, students must do individual exercises, tasks and reports. This will allow a follow-up of the learning process of the students and a continuous evaluation. Students who do not submit the exercises, tasks and reports will be evaluated with a zero in these sections.



The exam of the ordinary call will count for 50% of the final mark. In order for the average to be made with the remaining parts, it will be necessary to obtain a minimum of 4 in this exam.



Failure to appear at the final assessment on the official date of the ordinary call will automatically result in the waiver of that call, which will lead to the grade of Not Presented.



A minimum mark of 5 is required to pass the course.



FINAL EVALUATION SYSTEM:



According to article 8 of the Regulations, regulating the assessment of students in the official degrees, the students shall have the right to be evaluated by means of the FINAL EVALUATION SYSTEM, independently of the fact that has or has not participated in the CONTINUOUS EVALUATION SYSTEM. In order to do so, students must present the following information written to the teacher in charge of the subject the renunciation of the CONTINUOUS EVALUATION within a period of 9 weeks from the beginning of the term. In this case, the student will be assessed with a single final exam. This final exam will consist on an oral exam related to the skills that the students have to acquire in the subject.



RENUNCIATION



According to article 12 of the Regulations, regulating the assessment of students in the official degrees, in the case of CONTINUOUS EVALUATION, the student may renounce the call for proposals within a period which, as a minimum, will be up to one month before the end of the teaching period of the corresponding subject. This waiver must be submitted in writing to the teacher responsible for the subject. In the case of FINAL EVALUATION, a no presentation to the official examination will result in the automatic waiver of the corresponding call. Renunciation of the call will result in the qualification of not presented.

Extraordinary call: orientations and renunciation

The criteria and weighting of this call will be the same as that of the ordinary call.



RENUNCIATION



A no presentation to the official examination will result in the automatic waiver of the corresponding call. Renunciation of the call will result in the qualification of not presented.

Temary

Modelado dinámico, testeo simulado y experimental de placas fotovoltaicas.

Modelado dinámico, testeo simulado y experimental de pilas de combustible.

Modelado dinámico y simulación del sistema micro-hidráulico.

Modelado dinámico, testeo simulado y experimental del grupo diésel-alternador.

Modelado dinámico, simulación y ensayos experimentales de energías marinas.

Bibliography

Compulsory materials

Documentación de la página web de la asignatura. Accesible en: http://moodle.ehu.es/moodle

Basic bibliography

Photovoltaic Modeling. Power Analitics Corporation, San Diego: 2011.



R. A. Messenger, J. Ventre. Photovoltaic Systems Engineering (3rd edition). CRC Press, New York: 2010.



M. H. Nehrir, C. Wang. Fuel cells: distributed generation applications. Ed. John Wiley & sons, Ltd, Chichester: 2009.



E. de Jaeger et al. Hydraulic turbine and turbine control models for system dynamic studies. Trans. on Power Systems, vol 7, no 1, 1992



L. A. Lucero Tenorio. Hydro turbine and governor modelling: electric-hydraulic interaction. Norwegian University os Science and Technology, Trondheim: 2010.



Diesel Generator Set, MPLS9S-1 (http://www.chinagenerator.es/3pdf/MPLS9S-1.pdf).



D. O'Sullivan, D. Mollaghan, A.Blavette and R.Alcorn (2010). Dynamic characteristics of wave and tidal energy converters & a recommended structure for development of a generic model for grid connection, a report prepared by HMRC-UCC for the OES-IA Annex III. [Online], Available: www.iea-Oceans.org.



Ricci, P., Lopez, J., Santos, M., Villate, J. L., Ruiz-Minguela, P., Salcedo, F., and O.Falcão, A. F. d., Control Strategies for a simple Point-Absorber Connected to a Hydraulic Power Take-off, in European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, 2009.

In-depth bibliography

T. Markvart, L. Castañer. Practical handbook of photovoltaics: fundamentals and applications. Ed. Elsevier, Oxford: 2003.







L. Castañer, S. Silvestre. Modelling Photovoltaic Systems using Pspice. Ed. John Wiley & sons, Ltd, Chichester: 2002.







G. D.J. Harper. Fuel cell projects for the evil genius. Ed. Mc Graw Hill, New York: 2008.







K. Z. Yao et. al. A review of mathematical models for hydrogen and direct methanol polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Fuel Cells, vol. 4, no. 1-2, pp. 3-29, Weinheim: 2004.







RETScreen International (Clean energy decision support centre). Small hydro project analisys chapter. Minister od Natural Resources of Canada: 2001-2004.







H. Fang et al. Basic Modeling and Simulation Tool for Analysis of Hydraulic Transients in Hydroelectric Power Plants. Trans. on energy Conversion, vol 23, no 3, pp. 834-841, 2008.







C. Li, J. Zhou. Parameters identification of hydraulic turbine governing system using improved gravitational search algorithm. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, pp. 374-381, 2011.







D. Andrews. National Grid's use of emergency diesel standby generators in dealing with grid intermittency, Open Iniversity Conference on Intermittency, 2006.







Falnes J. A review of wave-energy extraction. Marine Structures, 2007







Cummins, WE. The Impulse Response Function and Ship Motions. Schiffstechnik, vol 9, pp. 101-109, 1962.

Journals

Renewable Energy (Elsevier)



Applied Energy (Elsevier)



Photovoltaics Bulletin (Elsevier)



Fuel Cells Bulletin (Elsevier)



IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics



IET Renewable Power Generation



IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion



IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Links

http://www.agores.org (Renewable Energy Magazine)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic



http://www.epia.org/home/ (European Photovoltaic Industry Association)



http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/41043-pv-array-model







http://www.fuelcells.org



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_cells



http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/39601-fuel-cell-model







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity



http://www.microhydropower.net/literature/







http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_generator







http://www.ocean-energy-systems.org/



http://www.aquaret.com/