Description and contextualization of the subject

This course focuses on teaching the students how building components and whole buildings can be energetically characterized by means of analyzing the data sets produced by in-situ energy monitoring systems. The characterization of building components can be done under steady-state conditions for conventional walls and windows through the standardized guarded hot box method. However, it is also possible to dynamically characterize them under real climatic conditions using Dynamic Calculation Methods. The latter permits calibrated models of the dynamically tested building component to be obtained. These calibrated models could be used to precisely simulate the behavior of the modeled building component under different climatic conditions. Furthermore, it will also permit Key Performance Indicators of the tested building component, such as its thermal transmittance, thermal inertia and its behavior regarding the solar radiation to be extracted from the calibrated model.



Characterizing in-use buildings is the other focus of this course and techniques developed recently are given in order to understand how in-use buildings can be characterized energetically. These new modeling techniques are also based on data sets generated by means of energetically monitoring buildings that will be used for calibrating models of the building. These models will permit the thermal behavior of the building to be predicted and also some Key Performance Indicators, such as Heat Loss Coefficient of the building, equivalent solar apertures, equivalent thermal capacities, etc., to be obtained.

Learning outcomes of the subject

LO1: Knowledge and skills to consider methods for using time series data to obtain valuable information about the energy performance of the building or the building component.



LO2: Knowledge and skills of the dynamic methods that can be seen as techniques which bridge the gap between physical and statistical modeling.



LO3: Skills in software will be given and some software tools will be used. Specifically, the focus will be on how to extract essential performance parameters for buildings or building components, using mathematical models and calculation techniques.

Ordinary call: orientations and renunciation

PRACTICAL TASKS (THREE CLASS EXERCISES): The three exercises to be done during the first 11 classes account for 60% of the final grade. Each of the three exercises will be evaluated over 10 points and the weight of each of these exercises in the final grade will be 20%. In each exercise, there will be an evaluation rubric and, depending on how close to the requested value or values, a different grade will be given to each exercise.



PRACTICAL TASKS (GROUP EXERCISE): during the fourth week, an exercise on a small-scale whole building energy characterization will be distributed to the students. In groups of three or four students, each group will have to prepare a short report and a presentation to be given in CLASS 12. The report will account for 20% of the final grade and the presentation will account for another 20% of the final grade.



FINAL GRADE:



PRACTICAL TASKS (THREE CLASS EXERCISES) (60%) + PRACTICAL TASKS (GROUP EXERCISE) (40%)



IMPORTANT:



- To resign this call, it will be enough not to do at least one of the three class exercises.

- If any class exercise is not carried out due to operational issues, their total percentage of the final grade will be the same. This means that the value of the ones carried out will be adjusted in order to maintain the total percentage.

Extraordinary call: orientations and renunciation

The extraordinary call will consist of performing:



- A WRITTEN EXAM: The extraordinary call written exam will consist of theory and problems and will account for 40% of the final grade. The examination shall consist of:



- Theory (about 50 points)

- Problems (about 50 points)



Therefore the 100 points of the written exam represent 40% of the final grade.



- To re-do the THREE CLASS EXERCISES before the written exam (60%).



IMPORTANT:



- For all students: to pass the subject in the written exam, a minimum of 35% must be obtained. The proceedings will show the written exam grade in case this minimum is not obtained.

- To resign this call, it will be enough not to attend the written exam.

Temary

The course is distributed in 12 classes of 2.5 hours as follows:



CLASS 1:

Theory topic (1 hour): Introduction to Building physics and heat and mass transfer phenomena occurring in the building envelope. What are the main Key Performance Indicators of the thermal behavior of a building component? And of a whole building envelope?

Exercise ONE (1.5 hour): Estimation of the Thermal Resistance (R) and Thermal Capacity (C) of a three-layer wall.



CLASS 2:

Theory topic (1 hour): Introduction to Building physics and heat and mass transfer phenomena occurring in the building envelope. What are the main Key Performance Indicators of the thermal behavior of a building component? And of a whole building envelope?

Exercise ONE (1.5 hour): Estimation of the R and C of a three-layer wall.



CLASS 3:

Exercise ONE (2.5 hour): Estimation of the R and C of a three-layer wall.



CLASS 4:

Exercise ONE (2.5 hour): Estimation of the R and C of a three-layer wall.



CLASS 5:

Theory topic (1 hour): Monitoring systems and sensors used to energetically monitor buildings or building elements; how data is generated for models.

Exercise TWO (1.5 hour): Linear regression models for the estimation of building thermal performance parameters.



CLASS 6:

Theory topic (1 hour): Monitoring systems and sensors used to energetically monitor buildings or building elements; how data is generated for models.

Exercise TWO (1.5 hour): Linear regression models for the estimation of building thermal performance parameters.



CLASS 7:

Exercise TWO (2.5 hour): Linear regression models for the estimation of building thermal performance parameters.



CLASS 8:

Theory topic (1 hour): Introduction to Time Series Analysis, correlation in data, statistical tests, estimation techniques, model validation.

Exercise THREE (1.5 hour): Grey-box models and model selection. Calibration of a dynamic model of a whole building and extraction from the calibrated model of the Key Performance Indicators of the building thermal performance.



CLASS 9:

Theory topic (1 hour): Introduction to Time Series Analysis, correlation in data, statistical tests, estimation techniques, model validation.

Exercise THREE (1.5 hour): Grey-box models and model selection. Calibration of a dynamic model of a whole building and extraction from the calibrated model of the Key Performance Indicators of the building thermal performance.



CLASS 10:

Theory topic (1 hour): Multivariate models, state space models, lumped models, grey-box models.

Exercise THREE (1.5 hour): Grey-box models and model selection. Calibration of a dynamic model of a whole building and extraction from the calibrated model of the Key Performance Indicators of the building thermal performance.



CLASS 11:

Theory topic (1 hour): Multivariate models, state space models, lumped models, grey-box models.

Exercise THREE (1.5 hour): Grey-box models and model selection. Calibration of a dynamic model of a whole building and extraction from the calibrated model of the Key Performance Indicators of the building thermal performance.



CLASS 12:

Group work presentations (2.5 hour): Each group will present the results of a case study.

Bibliography

Compulsory materials

Materials published during the course on the virtual platform eGela: Theory class presentations, exercise statements, etc.).

Basic bibliography

Chapter 1 to Chapter 5 of [Madsen H., Time series Analysis, 2008, Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN-10: 142005967X | ISBN-13: 978-1420059670 0].

In-depth bibliography

[1] P. Bacher, H. Madsen, Identifying suitable models for the heat dynamics of buildings, Energy Build. 43 (2011) 1511-1522 DOI: //dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.02.005.







[2] M.J. Jiménez, H. Madsen, Models for describing the thermal characteristics of building components, Build. Environ. 43 (2008) 152-162 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.10.029.







[3] H. Madsen, J. Holst, Estimation of continuous-time models for the heat dynamics of a building, Energy Build. 22 (1995) 67-79 DOI: 10.1016/0378-7788(94)00904-X.







[4] O. Mejri, E. Palomo Del Barrio, N. Ghrab-Morcos, Energy performance assessment of occupied buildings using model identification techniques, Energy Build. 43 (2011) 285-299 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.09.010.







[5] M. Sunikka-Blank, R. Galvin, Introducing the prebound effect: the gap between performance and actual energy consumption, Build. Res. Inf. 40 (2012) 260-273 DOI: 10.1080/09613218.2012.690952.

Journals

- Energy & Buildings. ELSEVIER







- Building and Environment. ELSEVIER

Links

https://dynastee.info/