SPECIFIC COMPETENCES TO:



1. Understand how plants acquire water and nutrients from the surrounding environment and their influence on the adaptation and distribution of plant species.



2. Understand the transport of carbohydrates, the development of the cell wall and the synthesis of secondary metabolites from the surrounding environment.



3. Analyze and understand the basic aspects involved in the processes of organization and development of plants to throughout its ontogenic cycle, from germination, through vegetative growth to the reproductive process.



4. Assess the effects of the main external agents, both biotic and abiotic, on the physiological processes of plants, deepening the mechanisms of adaptation of plants against changing environmental situations, as a basis for their use as bioindicators and as a tool for solving environmental problems.



5. Identify the bases of the regulation and integration of the different compounds and physiological processes to be able to apply this knowledge in different professional fields.



TRANSVERSAL COMPETENCES TO/RESULTS OF LEARNING



1. Develop the capacity for the autonomous search of the information related to the Physiology of plants and their critical analysis from different sources depending on their relevance.



2. Acquire the necessary skills to handle the common materials and techniques of Plant Physiology.



3. Build hypotheses, design experiments, interpret the results obtained, issue diagnoses and propose solutions, in a coordinated manner and developing the ability to work in teams.



4. Use the appropriate terminology both in writing and orally to communicate the different concepts of plant performance.



5. Maintain a positive attitude that allows acquiring tools for continuous autonomous learning and developing the capacity for search, analysis, synthesis, organization and planning. All these comptetences will enable decision-making and the elaboration and transmission of information related to the field of Plant Physiology

THEORY PROGRAM



Section 1



0. Introduction

1. The plant cell wall



Section 2. Water Relations and mineral nutrition



2. Water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Water, osmotic and cell wall potential.

3. Absorption and transport of water through the xylem.

4. Stomatic physiology and transpiration

5. Absorption and transport of ions by the plant. Ionic cell transport.

6. Mineral nutrition. Essential mineral elements and availability in the environment.

7. Transport through the phloem.



Section 3. Growth and development



8. Growth and development of the plant. Light as a regulator of growth.

9. Embryogenesis and seed development.

10. Germination. Vegetative propagation. Bud development.

11. Primary and secondary meristems. Organogenesis and development of the vegetative body. Influence of endogenous and environmental factors.

12. Flowering. Molecular bases, endogenous and environmental factors.

13. Fruit formation: growth and maturation. Effects of plant hormones.

14. Senescence and abscission. Influence of ethylene and abscisic acid

15. Plant movements: tropisms and nastias



Section 4. Environmental and applied aspects of Plant Physiology



16. Secondary metabolism. General Functions.

17. Secondary metabolism. Terpenes, phenols, and nitrogen compounds (alkaloids and others).

18. Environmental Plant Physiology

19. Applied Plant Physiology



PRACTICE PROGRAM



1. Measurement of water relations in plants

2. Determination of plant metabolites

3. Effect of growth regulators on plant physiology

4. Effect of environmental stresses on plant physiology

The methodology to be followed will be a combination of three teaching modalities: master classes, seminars and laboratory practices. The master class will be used to transmit theoretical knowledge and fundamentals to a large group of students. A panoramic view of the subject will be presented, to then deepen the most theoretical aspects of the subject. Through seminars, fluid interaction between the teacher and a small group of students is facilitated. This teching modality will be used to solve problems and present simple theoretical topics. Through laboratory practices the student performs tests, experiences and practices measurements in a reduced groups, using different infrastructures in the laboratory.

Qualifications will be weighted, according to the various methodological sections. The student must obtain for each of the parts of the subject, a minimum score of 5 points out of 10. The marks of the practical activities will be kept during the entire course.



- Assessment of theoretical knowledge acquired (master classes, seminars), through theoretical examination (65%)

- Assessment of acquired skills, by presenting the report of practices. An evaluation may also be carried out by means of a theoretical and practical laboratory examination (20%)

- Assessment of the critical capacity, of analysis, in the oral presentation as in the preparation of seminars (15%).



During the development of the evaluation tests, the use of books, notes, as well as mobile phone, computer, or other electronic devices by students are prohibited. Only scientific calculator is allowed. In the case of any dishonest or fraudulent practice, the protocol on academic ethics and the prevention of dishonest or fraudulent practices will be applied in the evaluation tests and in the academic work at the UPV / EHU.



Students have the posibility to renounce the system of continuous evaluation and opt for the final evaluation, regardless of whether or not they have participated in the continuous evaluation. To do this, the waiver of the continuous evaluation must be submitted in written within 9 weeks from the beginning of the four-month period. In any case, the evaluation and resignation criteria will always be adjusted to what is contemplated in the Regulatory Regulations for the Assessment of Students of Degree Degrees (BOPV No. 50, March 13, 2017).



For students, subjected to both continuous and final evaluation, “no presentation” by the student to the final test, the final grade of the subject is “not presented”.

Teaching material with graphs, tables, drawings, diagrams and illustrations on the subject porvided by the teaching team. Protocols of laboratory practices. This material is prepared by the teacher and is made available to the student.

Basic bibliography

Azcón-Bieto J & Talon M. Fundamentos de fisiología vegetal. 2008. Interamericana. MacGraw-Hill & UBe



Beyl CA. Trigiano RN. Plant propagation. Concepts and laboratory exercises. 2008. CRC Press



Buchanan BB, Gruissem W, Jones RL. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant. 2nd.Edition Physiologists. 2015. Wiley.



Chawla HS. Introduction to plant biotechnology. •3rd Edition. 2009. Science Publishers



Lamberts H. Chapin III FS, Pons TL. Plant Physiological Ecology. 2nd Edition. 2018. Springer.



Okpodu CM. Investigating plant physiology. Laboratory Manual. 2001. Morton Publishing Company. Colorado (USA)



Oxlade E. Plant Physiology. The structure of plants explained. 2007. In-Focus. Studymates Ltd. United Kigdom



Schulze ED, Beck E, Muller-Hohenstein K. Plant Ecology. 2002. Springer-Verlag.



Taiz L, Zeiger E, Møller IM, Murphy M. Plant physiology and development. 6th Ed. 2015. Sinauer Associates, Inc.,Publishers.



Thomas B, Murohy Dj., Murray BG. Encyclopedia of applied plant sciences, 2nd Edition. 2017. Elsevier

In-depth bibliography

Atkinson JA, Rasmussen A, Traini R, Voß U, Sturrock C, Mooney SJ, Wells DM, Bennett MJ. 2014. Branching out in roots: uncovering form, function, and regulation. Plant Physiology 166: 538-550.

Bowman JL, Eshed Y, Baum SF. 2002. Establishment of polarity in angiosperm lateral organs. Trends in Genetics 18:134-141

Brukhin V, Morozova N. 2011. Plant Growth and Development. Basic Knowledge and Current Views. Mathemathical Modelling and Natural Phenomena 6: 1-53

Christie JM, Blackwood L, Petersen J, Sullivan S. 2015. Plant Flavoprotein Photoreceptors. Plant and Cell Physiology 56:401211;413

Conklin PA, Strable J, Li S, Scanlon MJ. 2019. On the mechanisms of development in monocot and eudicot leaves. New Phytologist 221: 706-724

Du F, Guan C, Jiao Y. 2018. Molecular mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis. Molecular Plant 11: 1117-1134.

Fukushima K, Hasebe M. 2014. Adaxial-Abaxial polarity: the developmental basis of leaf shape diversity. Genesis 52:1-18.

Gonzalez N, Vanhaeren H, Inze D. Leaf size control: complex coordination of cell division and expansión. 2012. Trends in Plant Science 17: 332-340

Li FW, Mathews S. 2016. Evolutionary aspects of plant photoreceptors. Journal of Plant Research 129: 115-122.

Nelissen H, Gonzalez N, Inze D. 2016. Leaf growth in dicots and monocots: so different yet so alike. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 33:72-76.

Steffens B, Rasmussen A. 2016. The physiology of adventitious roots. Plant Physiology 170:603-617.

Wang B, Smith SM, Li J. 2018. Genetic regulation of shoot architecture. Annual Review of Plant Biology. 69:437-68

Journals

Annual Review of Plant Biology
BMC Biotechnology
Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
Current Opinion in Plant Biology (Reviews)
Environmental and Experimental Botany
Frontiers in plant Sciences (Reviews)
Journal of Experimental Botany
Journal of Plant Physiology
New Phytologist
Physiologia Plantarum
Plant and Soil
Plant Biotechnological Journal
Plant Cell
Plant Cell and Environment
Plant Physiology
Plant Science
Planta
Trends in Plant Sciences (Reviews)