nireEHU 
Subject
Cellular and Molecular Biomarkers
General details of the subject
- Mode
- Face-to-face degree course
- Language
- English
Description and contextualization of the subject
Specialization in environmental toxicology with focus in cell/molecular biology. Global/updated view of environmental problems and the use of cell/molecular responses as early warning signals (biomarkers) of ecosystem health in pollution assessment.Teaching staff
| Name | Institution | Category | Doctor | Teaching profile | Area | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BLANCO RAYON, ESTHER | University of the Basque Country | Profesorado Laboral Interino Universidad | Doctor | Bilingual | Cellular Biology | esther.blanco@ehu.eus |
| CAJARAVILLE BERECIARTUA, MIREN PILARE | University of the Basque Country | Profesorado Catedratico De Universidad | Doctor | Bilingual | Cellular Biology | mirenp.cajaraville@ehu.eus |
| ORBEA DEL REY, AMAIA | University of the Basque Country | Profesorado Agregado | Doctor | Bilingual | Cellular Biology | amaia.orbea@ehu.eus |
Competencies
| Name | Weight |
|---|---|
| Understand the mechanisms of cation incorporation into cells, as well as the cellular strategies to detoxify and/or sequester physiological metals at toxic concentrations and xenobiotic metals, depending on the characteristics and speciation of metals. | 15.0 % |
| Understand the cellular and molecular responses to pollution by organic xenobiotics, including their biotransformation, involvement in oxyradical generation, and mechanisms and strategies of cellular and molecular adaptation. | 20.0 % |
| Understand the cellular and molecular pathways that lead to toxicant-caused genotoxic and non-genotoxic DNA and chromosomal damage, including repair mechanisms, and further development of preneoplastic and neoplastic diseases. | 20.0 % |
| Understand the importance of pollutants effects on cell signalling and homeostasis of the endocrine system, with emphasis in ecologically relevant effects on reproduction. | 15.0 % |
| Understand the implications of the changes at cellular and molecular level in the general health condition of the individuals and the natural populations, with the aim of achieving a reasonable and sustainable exploitation of natural resources. | 15.0 % |
| Understand the rationale for the use of cellular and molecular responses to pollutants in environmental monitoring and in environmental risk assessment, including the limitations and challenges of the approach. Role of emerging toxico-genomics and proteomics in new biomarker discovery. | 15.0 % |
Study types
| Type | Face-to-face hours | Non face-to-face hours | Total hours |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lecture-based | 20 | 30 | 50 |
| Seminar | 4.5 | 10 | 14.5 |
| Applied laboratory-based groups | 13 | 16 | 29 |
| Applied computer-based groups | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| Industrial workshop | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 |
Training activities
| Name | Hours | Percentage of classroom teaching |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation activities | 5.0 | 20 % |
| Practices and seminars | 25.0 | 40 % |
| Theory | 55.0 | 40 % |
| exhibition of works | 15.0 | 26 % |
Assessment systems
| Name | Minimum weighting | Maximum weighting |
|---|---|---|
| Attendance and participation | 15.0 % | 15.0 % |
| Drawing up reports and presentations | 30.0 % | 30.0 % |
| Internship Report/Summary | 25.0 % | 25.0 % |
| Written examination | 30.0 % | 30.0 % |
Learning outcomes of the subject
The students should be able to understand the effects that metal and organic pollutants as well as other environmental stressors cause at cell and molecular levels.The students should be able to understand the advantages and limitations of the biomarker-based approach to assess ecosystem health status.
Ordinary call: orientations and renunciation
Las condiciones de renuncia a la convocatoria ordinaria se rigen por la Normativa de permanencia del alumnado de los másteres universitarios aprobada por el acuerdo de consejo social de la UPV/EHU el 22 de Julio de 2015. En todo caso habrá que comunicar por escrito al profesor(a) responsable de la asignatura la renuncia a la convocatoria, antes de la primera prueba de evaluación de la asignatura.El método de evaluación incluido en esta guía puede sufrir cambios si las directrices de las autoridades sanitarias así lo estableciesen. Las modificaciones a adoptar se anunciarían oportunamente, contando con las estrategias y herramientas necesarias para garantizar el derecho del alumnado a ser evaluado con equidad y justicia.
Extraordinary call: orientations and renunciation
Condiciones de evaluación a discutir con el profesorado.Las condiciones de renuncia a la convocatoria extraordinaria se rigen por la Normativa de permanencia del alumnado de los másteres universitarios aprobada por el acuerdo de consejo social de la UPV/EHU el 22 de Julio de 2015. En todo caso habrá que comunicar por escrito al profesor(a) responsable de la asignatura la renuncia a la convocatoria 7 días antes a la prueba de evaluación extraordinaria.
El método de evaluación incluido en esta guía puede sufrir cambios si las directrices de las autoridades sanitarias así lo estableciesen. Las modificaciones a adoptar se anunciarían oportunamente, contando con las estrategias y herramientas necesarias para garantizar el derecho del alumnado a ser evaluado con equidad y justicia.
Temary
LECTURES:1.- Introduction to cellular and molecular biomarkers of pollution: examples and applications in monitoring programmes.
2.- Biomarkers and bioassays for endocrine disrupting environmental pollutants.
3.- Techniques to measure cell and molecular biomarkers.
4.- Toxicity of metallic pollutants in relation with cellular accumulation and storage processes.
5.- In vitro alternative methods in biomarker development: potential of mussel cells primary cultures for toxicity testing of environmental pollutants.
6.- Generation of oxyradicals and oxidative stress in marine organisms.
7.- Mechanisms of pollutant-induced peroxisome proliferation and rationale for use as biomarker in environmental pollution assessment.
8.- Biotransformation of organic xenobiotics.
9.- Lysosomal perturbations as indicators for toxically induced cell damage.
10.- Biomarkers for assessment of toxicant-caused DNA damage.
11.- Challenges for use of biomarkers in environmental monitoring and risk assessment.
LAB PRACTICALS:
1.- Biomarkers of exposure to metals.
2.- Assessment of peroxisome proliferation.
3.- Lysosomal biomarkers.
4.- Genotoxicity assessment.
SEMINARS:
1.- Application of biomarkers to case studies.
Adams SM, Shepard KL, Greeley MS, Ryon JMG, Jimenez BD, Shugart LR, McCarthy JF, Hinton DE (1989) The use of biondicators for assessing the effects of pollutant stress in fish. Mar. Environ. Res. 28: 459-464.
Aitio A, Apostoli P (1995) Quality assurance in biomarker measurement. Toxicol. Lett. 77: 195-204.
Allan IJ, Vrana B, Greenwood R, Mills GA, Roig B, González C (2006) A toolboxfor biological and chemical monitoring requirements for the European Union`s Water Framework Directive. Talanta 69: 302-322
Allen JI, Moore MN (2004) Environmental prognostics: Is current use of biomarkers appropriate for environmental risk evaluation? Mar. Environ. Res. 58: 227-232.
Au DWT (2004) The application of histo-cytopathological biomarkers in marine pollution monitoring: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 817-834.
Braunbeck T, Hinton DE, Streit D (Eds.) (1998) Fish Ecotoxicology. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.
Broeg K, Westernhagen Hv, Zander S, Korting W, Köhler A (2005) The "Bioeffect Assessment Index" (BAI) concept for the quantification of effects of marine pollution by an integrated biomarker approach. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50: 495-503.
Cajaraville, M.P. (ed.) (1995) Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology. University of the Basque Country Press Service, Bilbo.
Cajaraville MP, Bebianno MJ, Blasco J, Porte C, Sarasquete C, Viarengo A (2000) The use of biomarkers to assess the impact of pollution in coastal environments of the Iberian Peninsula: a practical approach. Sci. Tot. Environ. 247: 295-311.
Cajaraville MP, Cancio I, Ibabe A, Orbea A (2003) Peroxisome proliferation as a biomarker in environmental pollution assessment. Micros. Res. Tech. 61: 191-202.
Galloway TS, Brown RJ, Browne MA, Dissanayake A, Lowe D, Depledge MH (2004) A multibiomarker approach to environmental assessment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38: 1723-1731.
Garrigues P, Borth H, Walker CH, Narbonne JF (Eds.) (2001) Biomarkers in marine organisms: a practical approach, Elsevier. Science Amsterdam.
GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP) (2001) Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection and Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea. A Sea of troubles. Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 70, pp 33.
Goksøyr A, Arukwe A, Larsson J, Cajaraville MP, Hauser L, Nilsen BM, Lowe D, Matthiessen P (2003) Chapter 3: Molecular/cellular processes and the impact on reproduction. In: Lawrence AJ, Hemingway KL (Eds.), Effects of pollution on fish. Blacwell Science Ltd., Oxford, pp. 179-220.
Goldberg ED, Bertine KK (2000) Beyond the Mussel Watch new directions for monitoring marine pollution. Sci. Tot. Environ. 247: 165-174.
Graumann, W. & Drukker, J. (eds.). (1991) Histo- and cytochemistry as a tool in environmental toxicology. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart.
Handy R, Galloway TS, Depledge MH (2003) A proposal for the use of biomarkers for the assessment of chronic pollution and in regulatory toxicology. Ecotoxicology 12: 331-343.
ICES (2004) Biological monitoring: General guidelines for quality assurance. In: Rees H (Ed.). ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences, No. 32. pp 44.
ICES (2005) Report of the Working Group on Biological Effects of Contaminants (WGBEC), 18-22 April 2005, Reykjavik, Iceland. ICES CM 2005/E: 08. pp 94.
ICES (2006) Report of the Second ICES/OSPAR Workshop on Integrated Monitoring of Contaminants and their Effects in Coastal and Open-sea Areas (WKIMON II), 17-19 January 2006, ICES Headquarters. ICES CM 2006/ACME:02. pp 157.
JAMP (2003) JAMP guidelines for contaminant-specific biological effects monitoring. OSPAR Commission, Ref. No: 2003-10. pp 38.
Köhler A, Wahl E, Soffker K (2002) Functional and morphological changes of lysosomes as prognostic biomarkers of toxic liver injury in marine flatfish (Platichthys flesus (L)). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21: 2434-2444.
Lam PKS, Gray J (2003) The use of biomarkers in environmental pollution monitoring programmes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46: 182-186.
Lawrence AJ, Hemingway KL (Eds.) (2003) Effects of pollution on fish. Molecular effects and population responses. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK.
Lippmann, M. (ed) (1992) Environmental toxicants: Human exposures and their health effects. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Marigómez I, Soto M, Cajaraville MP, Angulo E, Giamberini L (2002) Cellular and subcellular distribution of metals in molluscs. Micros. Res. Technol. 56: 358-392.
Marigómez I, Soto M, Orbea A, Cancio I, Cajaraville MP (2004) Chapter 14: Biomonitoring of environmental pollution along the Basque coast, using molecular, cellular and tissue-level biomarkers: an integrative approach. In: Oceanography and Marine Environment of the Basque Country, Borja A, Collins M (Eds.). Elsevier Oceanography series nº 70, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 335-364.
McCarthy LS, Munkittrick KR (1996) Environmental biomarkers in aquatic ecology: fiction, fantasy or functional? Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 2: 268-274.
McCarthy JF, Shugart LR, (Eds.) (1990) Biomarkers of environmental contamination. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
Merrick BA, Tomer KB (2003) Toxicoproteomics: a parallel approach to identifying biomarkers. Environ. Health Persp. 111: A578-A579.
Mi J, Orbea A, Syme N, Ahmed M, Cajaraville MP, Cristobal S (2005) Peroxisome proteomics, a new tool for risk assessment of peroxisome proliferating pollutants in the marine environment. Proteomics 5: 3954-3965.
Moore MN, Allen JI, McVeigh A (2006) Environmental prognostics: an integrated model supporting lysosomal stress responses as predictive biomarkers of animal health status. Mar. Environ. Res. 61: 278-304.
Moore MN, Depledge MH, Readman JW, Leonard DRP (2004) An integrated biomarker-based strategy for ecotoxocological evaluation of risk in environmental management. Mutat. Res. 552: 247-268.
Neumann NF, Galvez F (2002) DNA microarrays and toxicogenomics: applications for ecotoxicology Biotechnol. Advances 20: 391-419.
Oehlmann J, Schulte-Oehlmann U (2003) Endocrine disruption in invertebrates. Pure. Appl. Chem. 75: 2207-2218.
Peakall, D. (ed) (1992) Animal biomarkers as pollution indicators. Chapman & Hall, London.
Porte C, Janer G, Lorusso LC, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Cajaraville MP, Fossi MC, Canesi L (2006) Endocrine Disruptors in marine organisms: approaches and perspectives. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 143: 303-315.
UNEP/MAP (2005) Facts sheets on marine pollution indicators. UNEP(DEC)/MED/WG.264/Inf.14, Athens, pp. 249.
UNEP/RAMOGE (1999) Manual on the biomarkers recommended for the MED POL biomonitoring programme. UNEP, Athens. pp. 39.
Vernberg, J.; Calabrese, A.; Thurberg, FP & Vernberg, WB (eds) (1981) Biological monitoring of marine pollutants. Acad. Press, New York.
Viarengo A, Burlando B, Giordana A, Bolognesi C, Gabrielides GP (2000) Networking and expert-system analysis: next frontier in biomonitoring. Mar. Environ. Res. 49: 483-486.
Viarengo A, Canesi L (1991) Mussels as biological indicators of pollution. Aquaculture 94: 225-243.
Viarengo A, Nott JA (1993) Mechanism of heavy metal cation homeostasis in marine invertebrates. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 104: 355-372.
Bibliography
Basic bibliography
Adams SM, Shepard KL, Greeley MS, Ryon JMG, Jimenez BD, Shugart LR, McCarthy JF, Hinton DE (1989) The use of biondicators for assessing the effects of pollutant stress in fish. Mar. Environ. Res. 28: 459-464.Aitio A, Apostoli P (1995) Quality assurance in biomarker measurement. Toxicol. Lett. 77: 195-204.
Allan IJ, Vrana B, Greenwood R, Mills GA, Roig B, González C (2006) A toolbox for biological and chemical monitoring requirements for the European Union`s Water Framework Directive. Talanta 69: 302-322
Allen JI, Moore MN (2004) Environmental prognostics: Is current use of biomarkers appropriate for environmental risk evaluation Mar. Environ. Res. 58: 227-232.
Au DWT (2004) The application of histo-cytopathological biomarkers in marine pollution monitoring: a review. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 817-834.
Braunbeck T, Hinton DE, Streit D (Eds.) (1998) Fish Ecotoxicology. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.
Broeg K, Westernhagen Hv, Zander S, Korting W, Köhler A (2005) The "Bioeffect Assessment Index" (BAI) concept for the quantification of effects of marine pollution by an integrated biomarker approach. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 50: 495-503.
Cajaraville, M.P. (ed.) (1995) Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology. University of the Basque Country Press Service, Bilbo.
Cajaraville MP, Bebianno MJ, Blasco J, Porte C, Sarasquete C, Viarengo A (2000) The use of biomarkers to assess the impact of pollution in coastal environments of the Iberian Peninsula: a practical approach. Sci. Tot. Environ. 247: 295-311.
Cajaraville MP, Cancio I, Ibabe A, Orbea A (2003) Peroxisome proliferation as a biomarker in environmental pollution assessment. Micros. Res. Tech. 61: 191-202.
Galloway TS, Brown RJ, Browne MA, Dissanayake A, Lowe D, Depledge MH (2004) A multibiomarker approach to environmental assessment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38: 1723-1731.
Garrigues P, Borth H, Walker CH, Narbonne JF (Eds.) (2001) Biomarkers in marine organisms: a practical approach, Elsevier. Science Amsterdam.
GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP) (2001) Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection and Advisory Committee on Protection of the Sea. A Sea of troubles. Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 70, pp 33.
Goksøyr A, Arukwe A, Larsson J, Cajaraville MP, Hauser L, Nilsen BM, Lowe D, Matthiessen P (2003) Chapter 3: Molecular/cellular processes and the impact on reproduction. In: Lawrence AJ, Hemingway KL (Eds.), Effects of pollution on fish. Blacwell Science Ltd., Oxford, pp. 179-220.
Goldberg ED, Bertine KK (2000) Beyond the Mussel Watch new directions for monitoring marine pollution. Sci. Tot. Environ. 247: 165-174.
Graumann, W. & Drukker, J. (eds.). (1991) Histo- and cytochemistry as a tool in environmental toxicology. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart.
Handy R, Galloway TS, Depledge MH (2003) A proposal for the use of biomarkers for the assessment of chronic pollution and in regulatory toxicology. Ecotoxicology 12: 331-343.
ICES (2004) Biological monitoring: General guidelines for quality assurance. In: Rees H (Ed.). ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences, No. 32. pp 44.
ICES (2005) Report of the Working Group on Biological Effects of Contaminants (WGBEC), 18-22 April 2005, Reykjavik, Iceland. ICES CM 2005/E: 08. pp 94.
ICES (2006) Report of the Second ICES/OSPAR Workshop on Integrated Monitoring of Contaminants and their Effects in Coastal and Open-sea Areas (WKIMON II), 17-19 January 2006, ICES Headquarters. ICES CM 2006/ACME:02. pp 157.
JAMP (2003) JAMP guidelines for contaminant-spec