Description and contextualization of the subject

This subject is intended to provide a general introduction to the most important nanostructures in Nanoscience, attending to their dimensionality (2D, 1D and OD). The most important physical phenomena emerging in low dimensios are described. A background on Quantum Mechanics and Solid State Physics is helpful to understand the concepts.



The student will get a general overview of the main signatures of low dimensionality in physical systems involving metals and semiconductors. Special attention will be put on carbon nanostructures, including graphene, and 2D van der Waals materials.

Ordinary call: orientations and renunciation

- Writen test about the concepts studied in the lectures: 75%

- Resolution of exercises and active participatin in the lectures: 25%

Extraordinary call: orientations and renunciation

- Writen test about the concepts studied in the lectures: 75%

- Resolution of exercises and active participatin in the lectures: 25%

Temary

1. Length scales and low dimensionality.

Introduction: Nanoscience and Mesoscopic Physics. Dimensionality definitions. Relevant length scales. Examples of low dimensional systems. Fabrication and exploring tools. New phenomena and new applications.



2. Electronic states and quantum confined systems.

Electrons in solids: approaches. Independent electrons. Electrons in a 1d box: confinement. 3D electron gas. Filling states. The density of states. 2D electron gas. Electrons in 1D. Quantum dots. DOS in 3, 2,1D. Crystal structure and effective mass approximation. Useful confining potentials.





3. 2D systems.

Surfaces and interfaces. Junctions (metal-metal, metal-semiconductor, semiconductor- semiconductor, metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS)). Quantum wells and supperlattices. Quantum Hall effect.



4.1D systems.

Clasification and fabrication techniques. Examples of 1D systems (1D metals, polymers, carbon nanotubes, semiconductor wires, MCBJ and STM metallic wires, nanowires on surfaces). The Peierls transition and Kohn anomaly. Transport: quantization of the conductance. Quantum size effects



5. 0D systems.

Quantum dots and artificial atoms: electronic and optical properties. Single electron

tunneling and Coulomb blockade. Metal clusters.



6. Carbon nanostructures, graphene and topological concepts.

Review of effects of dimensionality in electronic states

Carbon materials in 3, 2, 1 and 0 dimensiones. The C-C bond and its influence on solids. Properties of diamond and allotropes.

Properties of C nanotubes. Classification and electronic structure.

Properties of graphene. Electronic structure. Topological structure.

Advanced topics. Classification of materials according to their electronic confinement. Topological invariants.

Bibliography

Compulsory materials

- The material used in the lectures will be provided to the students thorugh the Egela platform: https://egela1819.ehu.eus

Basic bibliography

-“The Physics and Chemistry of Solids”, Stephen Elliot, Wiley, 2000.( Ch. 8)

-“Introduction to solid Sate Physics”, Charles Kittel, Wiley (8th edition), (Ch.17,18)

-“Band Theory and Electronic Properties of Solids”, John Singleton, Oxford Master Series in Condensed Matter Physics, Oxford University Press, 2001

-“Optical Properties of Solids”, Mark Fox, Oxford Master Series in Condensed Matter Physics, Oxford University Press, 2001

In-depth bibliography

-”The physics of low dimensional semiconductors”, J.H. Davies, Cambridge University Press, 1998. -“Introduction to mesoscopic physics”, Y. Imry, Oxford University Press, 1997.

-“Quantum Wells, wires and dots, Paul Harrison”, Wiley, 2006

-“Mesoscopic Electronics in Solid State Nanostructures”, Thomas Heinzel, Wiley-Vch, 2007.

- “Electronic transport in mesoscopic systems”, Supriyo Datta,Cambridge University Press, 1995.

- “Transport in Nanostructures”, D.K. Ferry and S. M. Goodnick, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

- “Mesoscopic Physics and electronics”, T. Ando, Y. Arakawa, F. Furuya, S. Komiyama and H. Nakashima, Spinger, 1998.

- “Mesoscopic systems. Fundamentals and Applications”, Yoshimasa Murayama, Wiley-Vch, 2001.

-J. K Asbóth, L. Oroszlány and A. Pályi. A Short Course on Topological Insulators: Band-structure topology and edge states in one and two dimensions. Freely availabe at https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02295

Journals

Different journals on Condensed Matter Physics, Materials and Nanoscience: Phys Rev. B, Phys Rev. Lett., Nanoletters, Nature, Science etc…

Links

www.mscnano.eu/intranet







https://www.ehu.eus/en/web/masternanoscience/aurkezpena