The Best Sheepherder. El estereotipo racial de los inmigrantes vascos en el Oeste norteamericano entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX.

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Publicado 19-02-2018
Iker Saitua

Resumen

El presente artículo estudia la imagen de los inmigrantes vascos en el Oeste norteamericano entre finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX, y la influencia que esa imagen tuvo en la integración socioeconómica de este colectivo, dedicado fundamentalmente al pastoreo de ovejas, prestando especial atención al Estado de Nevada. Su objetivo principal es mostrar cómo dicha imagen fue racializada, cómo la etiqueta étnica de vasco fue equiparada a la categoría racial «blanca» en los Estados Unidos, especialmente tras la aprobación de la ley de inmigración de 1924, y cómo esta percepción benefició a los inmigrantes vascos, facilitando su integración. Para ello examina los estudios historiográficos, sociológicos y antropológicos sobre los inmigrantes vascos en el Oeste realizados a finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX por intelectuales estadounidenses, y muestra cómo, influidos por el análisis turneriano y la ideología racialista de la época, elaboraron un estereotipo racial vasco, expresado en la imagen del «buen pastor», que terminó reflejándose en la prensa escrita estadounidense y divulgándose a través de ella.
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Keywords

Inmigración vasca a Estados Unidos, estereotipo vasco, imaginario racial blanco, raza y etnicidad, Oeste norteamericano, mano de obra agrícola

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