CONTEXTUALISATION OF THE SUBJECT
The Electric Technology, in general terms, is a technical discipline that studies the applications of electricity.
The disciplinary field comprises the study of electric and electromagnetic phenomena from the perspective of the practical use of electricity which includes three main areas of knowledge and experience:
1.- Scientific concepts and laws that explain the functionality and behavior of different apparatus, receptors and electric machines, with regard to the physical phenomena that take place in them.
2.- Laws, theorems, principles and analysis techniques, calculus and prediction of behavior of electric and electronic circuits.
3.- Elements used to mount and construct circuits, apparatus and electric machines: representation, disposition, normalization, connections and characteristics.
Due to the fact that electric applications are abundantly used in any activity of the domestic, services and industrial sectors the contents must respond to a rigorous list of concepts and procedures which are the root of the 'think and act' of the electro technician, whatever the working field: production, transport, transformation, consume (heating, cooling, lighting, traction-force), automatics, information treatment and electrical installations.

The comprehension and correct solving of the problems in Electrical Technology Fundamentals will allow the student to face more complex problems within the Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering and related subjects.

That's why this subject can be considered a functional tool that will allow obtaining some of the basic competencies considered in this Engineering Degree.

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE:
The expressed list order does not require teaching order or acquisition order of the knowledge, but must be understood as the list of knowledge the student should have when passing the corresponding subjects.
Mathematics:
1.- Temporal sinusoidal functions.
a) Maximum value, period, frequency.
b) Same time origin for all functions. Transform sine to cosine and vice versa.
c) Advance and delay between functions.
2.- Derivation and integration
3.- Operation with complex numbers.
4.- Matrix calculus. Cramer. Solve linear equations of real and complex coefficients.
Physics:
1.- Energy conservation principle.
2.- Electric Charge. Electric field. Coulomb's Law. Dielectric materials. Capacity.
3.- Electric current. Voltage. Potential difference. Power and energy according to electric variables.
4.- Magnetic field and flux.
5.- Laplace's Law.
6.- Lorentz's Law.
7.- Faraday-Lenz's Law.
8.- Magnetic materials. Magnetic Field Intensity.
9.- Ampères Law.

To know and understand the principles of the electric circuit and machine theory in order to use them during the analysis and solving of electrical circuits.
To use the strategies of the scientific methodology during the resolution of problems related to the electrical circuits and machines: qualitative analysis, hypothesis setting out, obtaining solutions and analysis of results using theorems and fundamental techniques from electrical circuits and machines theory. To communicate adequately the basic principles and procedures of the electrical circuits and machines and the results and conclusions obtained, using the electrotechnical language (written, mathematical and graphical). To team-work effectively in lab sessions, integration abilities and knowledge to mount simple electrical sets.

CONTENIDOS TEÓRICO-PRÁCTICOS 

1st Term
Topic 1: Ideal components in circuit theory. Kirchhoff's Laws.Resistance. Inductance. Capacity. Short-circuit and open circuit. Ideal & real components. Definitions. Kirchhoff's Laws. Energy conservation principle.

Topic 2: Direct current in steady state. Direct current. Behavior of ideal elements under direct current and steady state. Element associations: resistances, voltage sources and current sources. Voltage division. Current division.

Topic 3: Network theorems and practical techniques for circuit analysis. Linearity and superposition. Real sources. Equivalence and transformation of sources. Mesh analysis. Nodal analysis. Millman's theorem. Thévenin's theorem. Norton's theorem. Maximum power transfer theorem.

Topic 4: One-phase alternating current
One-phase alternating voltage and current. Phasor concept. Resistance, reactance and impedance in alternate current. Impedance association. Generalization of network theorems.

Topic 5: Power in one-phase systems
Power expressions. Mean power in circuit elements: resistance, coil and capacitor. Maximum power transfer theorem. Active, reactive, apparent and complex power. Power factor. Power factor improvement.

Topic 6: Three-phase alternating current Generation. Star connection of generators. Delta connection of generators. Three-phase charge. Kennelly's theorem or star-delta transformation. Balanced three-phase system. Power.

Topic 7: Introduction to Electric Power Systems. Electrical calculus of Electric Lines. Importance and interest of electric energy. General description of a electric power system. Low Voltage Electro technical Regulation (REBT). Section definition for LV line conductors in AC according to REBT.

Topic 8: Electric protection in Low Voltage installations Hazards related to electric current. Safety in case of electric risk. The 5 golden rules. Neutral and ground connection systems. Protection devices I: description. Protection devices II: protection, overloads; short-circuits; selectivity; Line to ground fault current and leakage current.

Lab sessions:
Session 0: Preventing electrical risk. Description and use of the lab desk.

Session 1: Basic measuring in direct current steady state.
Topics 1-3: Resistances, multimeter as voltmeter, electric source, board, Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, behavior of R, L and C elements under steady state DC.

Session 2: Verifying the properties of linear circuits.
Topics 1-3: Homogeneity principle, superposition principle. Equivalent circuits of Thévenin and Norton. Maximum power transfer theorem.

Session 3: Alternating current one-phase circuit analysis.
Topic 4: Oscilloscope, resistive circuit, RL circuit, RC circuit.

Session 4: Power in one-phase AC systems.
Topic 5 Power triangle. Improving the power factor. Electric quality analyzer (FLUKE)

Session 5: Alternating current three-phase circuits analysis.
Topic 6. Three-phase charge: Y, Delta. Multimeter. Electric quality analyzer (FLUKE).

Session 6: Electric protections.
Topics 7 and 8. Visit to the electric installation in Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa.

2nd Term
Topic 9: Magnetic circuits.
Materials magnetic performance. Definition and types of magnetic circuits. Hopkinson’s Law. Analogies and differences between electrical and magnetic circuits. Behavior of electrical circuits according to the type of excitation. Resolution of magnetic circuits. Leakage flux. Real inductor: equivalent circuit.

Topic 10: Transformer.
Introduction. The ideal Transformer. Nominal characteristics of the transformer. Real transformer. Internal voltage drop of a transformer. Voltage regulation. Short-circuit current. Relative short-circuit voltage. Transformer performance. Threephase transformers. Metering transformers.

Topic 11: Induction machine.
Introduction. Construction considerations. Operating principle. Equivalent circuits. Losses and power-flow diagram. Rotation torque. Startup of asynchronous motors.

Topic 12: DC machine.
Introduction. Construction considerations. Principle of operation and excitation modes. Armature reaction. Direct current generators. Service characteristics.

TEACHING METHODS

The subject is taught by means of teachers' explanations, both in lectures and practical classroom work sessions. The contents mentioned in this document will be followed based on the bibliography. Teachers will be available for clarifications on tutorial sessions according to the time-table published on the center official web. In lectures the programmed topics will be explained and developed. There will be theory descriptions with activities aimed to promote participation, discussion and critical analysis from students.
In practical class sessions there will be proposed and solved exercises related to the topic been studied. The students will be required to solve, either in teams or individually, the indicated problems. In lab sessions, students will perform the required activities and will have to submit the corresponding assessment of the activity with operations and adequate critical considerations.
The students will study in an autonomous way in order to assimilate and keep the concepts and solve the proposed exercises.
The students will have in eGela, the virtual platform for teaching, the materials, calendar, references, exercises and lab session guides.

TYPES OF TEACHING 

Legend: M: Lecture-based S: Seminar GL: Applied laboratory-based groups GO: Applied computer-based groups TA: Workshop TI: Industrial workshop GA: Applied classroom-based groups GCL: Applied clinical-based groups GCA: Applied fieldwork groups 

Evaluation methods:

• Continuous evaluation
• End-of-course evaluation

Evaluation tools and percentages of final mark

• Written test, open questions 60%
• Exercises, cases or problem sets 20%
• Short-exams 20%

ORDINARY EXAMINATION PERIOD: GUIDELINES AND OPTING OUT

A calculator may be used for tests and examinations. Likewise, in the short-exams and exams, for the resolution of the problems of topics 7 and 8, the students will be able to use the following documentation (which will be available on the eGela platform):

- Complementary Technical Instructions 6, 7 and 19 of the Low Voltage Electrotechnical Regulations.
- Maximum admissible electrical currents in indoor installations.
- Document on cable designation.

DECIDING THE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM:
The assessment system by default will be the continuous assessment system (A). The student who wishes to use the right to be assessed by a final assessment system (B) must present a written document to the teacher responsible of the subject declining to the continuous assessment system (with registered entrance in center). To do so, the student will have a deadline of 18 weeks since the beginning of the academic year (according to Chap. II, art. 8 of the assessment rules document). Registering this document implies the loss of any score obtained previously in the continuous assessment system: like, for instance, lab sessions and short-exams.

A) CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
A.1) The weight of each assessment tool for the final score is as follows:
-Extended written exams: 60%
-1st Term: 33.3%
-2nd Term: 26.7%
-Laboratory: 20% (1st term)
-Short-exams (questions, problems, etc.): 20%
-1st Term: 13.3%
-2nd Term: 6.7%
A.2) Declining to sit: not attending to the extended written exam in ordinary exam call will imply declining to sit the mentioned call. In this case the grade will be: Non Attendance.
A.3) Description of assessment tools:
- Extended written exams: They will ask for theory and exercises. They will be held on the date for exam call.
- January: exam that allows releasing the topics of the 1st term.
- May: exam that allows releasing the topics of the 1st term or/and the 2nd term.
- Laboratory: at the end of each lab session an individual assessment will be made.
- Short-exams: during the academic year short-exams will be held (out of subject's timetable). Dates will be told in advance.
A.4) Conditions to pass the course and to release topics from exam calls:
*Students who pass all short-exams in a term and obtain an average mark in them of 6 out of 10 or more will release the corresponding topics in the respected extended written exam. The release will be kept for both the ordinary and the extraordinary exam call. In this case, the average mark obtained in the short-exams will be taken as the mark of the corresponding extended written exam.
*To release the topics of one term the student must obtain 4 or more out of 10 in the respective extended written exam.
The release will be kept for both the ordinary and the extraordinary exam call.
*The students not attending the lab sessions or the short-exams will score 0 out of 10 in these assessment tools.
*The final grade will be obtained according to A.1) only when both the grades of the extended written exams for the 1st and 2nd term are of 4 or more out of 10. Otherwise, the final grade will be 4 or less out of 10.
*To pass the course the final grade must be of 5 or more out of 10.
B) FINAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
B.1) The weight of each assessment tool for the final score is as follows:
-Extended written exams: 80%
-1st Term: 46.7%
-2nd Term: 33.3%
-Laboratory exam: 20%
B.2) Declining to sit: not attending to the extended written exam in ordinary exam call will imply declining to sit the mentioned call. In this case the grade will be: Non Attendance.
B.3) Description of assessment tools:
- Extended written exams: One for each term. It will ask for theory and exercises. It will be held on the date for ordinary exam call.
- Laboratory exam: laboratory practical skills assessment. It will be held on the date for ordinary exam call.
B.4) Conditions to pass the course and to release topics from exam calls:
*Students using this assessment method may release parts of the subject from one sitting to another with the same requirements as students with continuous assessment.
*The students not attending the lab exam will score 0 out of 10 in this assessment tool.
*The final grade will be obtained according to B.1) only when both the grades of the extended written exams for the 1st and 2nd term are of 4 or more out of 10. Otherwise, the final grade will be 4 or less out of 10.
*To pass the course the final grade must be of 5 or more out of 10.

EXTRAORDINARY EXAMINATION PERIOD: GUIDELINES AND OPTING OUT

A calculator may be used for tests and examinations. Likewise, in the short-exams and exams, for the resolution of the problems of topics 7 and 8, the students will be able to use the following documentation (which will be available on the eGela platform):
- Complementary Technical Instructions 6, 7 and 19 of the Low Voltage Electrotechnical Regulations.
- Maximum admissible electrical currents in indoor installations.
- Document on cable designation.
DECIDING THE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM:
The assessment system in the extraordinary exam call will be the one decided by the student for the ordinary exam call.
A) CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
A.1) The weight of each assessment tool for the final score will be the most profitable for the student between the following two options:
OPTION A.1a)
-Extended written exams: 60%:
-1st Term: 33.3%
-2nd Term: 26.7%
-Laboratory: 20%
-Short-exams (questions, problems, etc.): 20%
-1st Term: 13.3%
-2nd Term: 6.7%
OPTION A.1b)
-Extended written exams: 80%:
-1st Term: 46.7%
-2nd Term: 33.3%
-Laboratory: 20%
A.2) Declining to sit: not attending to the extended written exam in extraordinary exam call will imply declining to sit the mentioned call. In this case, the grade will be "Non Attendance".
A.3) Description of assessment tools:
- Extended written exams: One for each not released term. They will ask for theory and exercises. They will be held on the date for extraordinary exam call.
- Laboratory: grade obtained in ordinary exam call will be kept. If the laboratory sessions average grade obtained by the student at the ordinary exam call were under 5.0, the student will have the opportunity to perform a laboratory practice exercise. The result of this exercise will be considered for the final grade calculation.
- Short-exams: grade obtained in ordinary exam call will be kept.
A.4) Conditions to pass the course:
*The final grade will be obtained according to A.1) only when both the grades of the extended written exams for the 1st and 2nd term are of 4 or more out of 10. Otherwise, the final grade will be 4 or less out of 10.
*To pass the course the final grade must be of 5 or more out of 10.
NOTE: Topics released during an academic year will not be kept for following academic years.
B) FINAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM
B.1) The weight of each assessment tool for the final score is as follows:
-Extended written exams: 80%
-1st Term: 46.7%
-2nd Term: 33.3%
-Laboratory exam: 20%

B.2) Declining to sit: not attending to the extended written exam in extraordinary exam call will imply declining to sit the mentioned call. In this case, the grade will be "Non Attendance".
B.3) Description of assessment tools:
- Extended written exams: One for each term. They will ask for theory and exercises. They will be held on the date for extraordinary exam call.
- Laboratory exam: laboratory practical skills assessment. It will be held on the date for extraordinary exam call.
B.4) Conditions to pass the course:
*The final grade will be obtained according to B.1) only when both the grades of the extended written exams for the 1st and 2nd term are of 4 or more out of 10. Otherwise, the final grade will be 4 or less out of 10.
*The students not attending the lab exam will score 0 out of 10 in this assessment tool.
*To pass the course the final grade must be of 5 or more out of 10.

MANDATORY MATERIALS

• ZUBIA I., MONASTERIO E., BANDRES L.M., ARRUTI P. Teoría de Circuitos. Servicio Editorial de la UPV/EHU.(castellano)
• ARRANBIDE I., ARRUTI P., AZURZA O., MOLINA J., MONASTERIO E., UGARTEMENDIA J., ZUBIA, I. Apuntes de teoría específicos para Fundamentos de Tecnología Eléctrica. ISSN 2255-2316 (castellano)
• ARRANBIDE I., ARRUTI P., AZURZA O., GARCIA P., MOLINA J., MONASTERIO E., OLANO A. Relación de problemas específicos propuestos para Fundamentos de Tecnología Eléctrica (castellano, euskara, english)
• Reglamento Electrotécnico de Baja Tensión (REBT). (castellano, euskara, english)
• eGela: Virtual platform for teaching in UPV/EHU.(castellano, euskara, english)
• Institutional email: xxx@ikasle.ehu.eus (castellano, euskara, english)

BIBLIOGRAFIA

Basic bibliography

Castellano:

• GARCÍA TRASANCOS J. "Instalaciones Eléctricas en Media y Baja Tensión". Adaptado al nuevo RBT #BOE 224, de 18 de septiembre de 2002#. 6ª edición. Paraninfo. 2009. 422 p. ISBN 978-84-283-3190-6.
• FRAILE MORA J. "Máquinas Eléctricas". 6ª edición. Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España, S.A.U., 2008. 756 p.ISBN 978-84-481-6112-5.
• FRAILE MORA J., FRAILE ARDANUY J. "Problemas de Máquinas Eléctricas". Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana de España, S.A.U., 2005. 428 p. ISBN 84-481-4240-3. V. PARRA et al., Teoría de Circuitos, editorial UNED, Madrid.
• G. ROBLES, "Problemas resueltos de fundamentos de ingeniería eléctrica" Paraninfo, Madrid, 2015
• J.R. CODGELL, "Fundamentos de Circuitos Eléctricos", Ed. Pentice-Hall, mexico,2000.
• J. Mazón y otros "Guia de autoaprendizaje da máquinas eléctricas" Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008
• N. MORENO y otros "Problemas Resueltos de Tecnología Eléctrica" Ed. Thomson Arg., Madrid, 2003.

Euskara:

• Z.AGINAKO y otros "Zirkuituen Teoriako 100 Ariketa" Elhuyar, Usurbil, 2007
• R. SANJURJO y otros "Zirkuitu elektrikoen teoria" Servicio de publicaciones de  la UPV, Bilbao, 2005.
• M.A. ZORROZUA y otros " Makina Elektrikoak" Servicio de publicaciones de la UPV, Zarautz, 2007.
• J. EPELDE " Makina Elektrikoak" I y II, Ed. Elhuyar, Usurbil, 1997
• J. Mazón y otros "Makina elektrikoak oinarrizko kontzeptuak eta aplikazioak " UPV/EHU 2012

English:

• M. Wang, Understandable electric circuits, IET 2010, eISBN: 9781849191142
• J. Bird, Electrical circuit Theory and Technology (2nd Edition). Newnes 2003,  ISBN 0 7506 5784 7
• Stephen J. Chapman, Electric Machinery Fundamentals (5th Edition). McGraw Hill, 2012. ISBN 978-0-07-352954-7.
• A. Hambley, Electrical Engineering: Principles & Applications, 6th Edition. Pearson 2014. ISBN 9780133116649

Detailed bibliography 

Castellano:

• DORF, R.C. "Circuitos Eléctricos: introducción al Análisis y diseño". Marcombo
• EDMINISTER, J.A. "Teoría y problemas de circuitos eléctricos". McGraw-Hill
• NILSSON, J. "Circuitos eléctricos". Addison-Wesley Iberoamericana
• VAN VALKENBURG. "Análisis de redes." Limusa
• REBT Edición Comentada y Textos Técnicos Complementarios de Asea Brown Boveri SA
• GONZÁLEZ MARTÍN y otros, "Prácticas de Laboratorio de Máquinas Eléctricas". C.P. EUITI, Bilbao, 1984.
• A. GOMEZ EXPOSITO, "Análisis y operación de sistemas de energía eléctrica", McGraw-Hill, 2002. ISBN 84-481-3592-X.

Euskara:

• I. Albizu et al., Energia elektrikoaren sorkuntza, UPV/EHU 2014, ISBN 978-84-9860-905-9
• A. Etxegarai, Teknologia elektrikoa, UPV/EHU 2012, ISBN 978-84-9860-671-3
• K. Sagastibeitia et al., Zirkuituak. Laborategiko praktikak, UPV/EHU 2009, ISBN 978-84-692-5970-2
• J. M. Sanchez Losada, Sare elektrikoen proiektuak, UPV/EHU 2007, ISBN 978-84-690-4991-4

English:

• P.C. Sen, Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics (2nd Edition). John Wiley & Sons, 1997. ISBN 0-471- 02295-0.
• J. F. Gieras, Advancement in Electric Machines, Springer 2008, e-ISBN: 978-1-4020-9007-3
• H. Kwanty and K. Miu-Miller, Power System Dynamics and Control, Springer 2010, e-ISBN 978-0-8176-4674-5

Web sites of interest 

Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
Normas UNEColegio de Peritos e Ingenieros Técnicos de Gipuzkoa
ABB
Productos Baja Tensión y Cuadernos de Aplicaciones Técnicas
Schneider electric
REE
IBERDROLA
ENDESA
ORMAZABAL
INGETEAM
ZIV

OBSERVATIONS

In the event that health conditions make it impossible to carry out a face-to-face teaching activity and/or assessment, a non-face-to-face modality will be activated with the support of the eGela virtual platform and the Blackboard Collaborate tool.