Description and contextualization of the subject

The module concerns the applications of the fundamental equations governing the Fluid Mechanics of Newtonian fluids (Continuity, Navier Stokes and Energy Equations) to key issues of aerodynamics specific of marine engineering applications, such as the characterization of the boundary layer or the generation of lift and drag. It will be shown how these equations may be adapted and simplified to describe laminar flows, turbulence, and compressible flows. Appropriate solutions and techniques for each type of flow will be presented. The aim here is presenting correct simulation procedures of different types of flow for reliable CFD simulations in marine applications including ¿flow control devices¿ designed to maximize the efficiency of wind turbines.



The objectives are to provide students with the following benefits:



(1) Understanding the concept of fluid and the models of fluids



(2) Understanding and application of the basic physical flow equations



(3) Understanding the wind turbine rotor aerodynamics



(4) Ability to simulate the flow over different geometries with internal/external flows, including both laminar and turbulent regimes significant to marine engineering applications



(5) Ability to cooperate with the team members

Learning outcomes of the subject

Understand the fundamentals of fluid mechanics and its application to solve engineering problems.

Handle computer programs for solving the equations of fluid dynamics.

Organize information and produce effective reports individually and in a team

Communicate in various formats: group discussion, and oral presentations

Ordinary call: orientations and renunciation

CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT:



The subject is assessed according to two methods:



1. Attendance and participation in the expositive classes: 30 - 70 %



2. Individual and/or collaborative tasks: 30 - 70 %



To decline to follow the continuous assesment methodology, the student must request it in writing to the lecturer responsible of the subject, within a period of not less than a week from the official date of the final exam established for the subject. The final exam can be sat in the ordinary call by those students that have declined to follow the continuous assessment.



FINAL ASSESSMENT:



In the case of a renunciation to the continuos assessment the student can sit a final exam that can contain the analysis of theoretical aspects and/or the resolution of practical cases with the same orientation and difficulty as the cases solved in class.



To pass the subject, a minimum global mark of 5 (pass) is needed.

Extraordinary call: orientations and renunciation

FINAL ASSESSSMENT:



In the case of not having passed the subject in the ordinary call, the student can sit a final exam in the ordinary call. The exam can contain the analysis of theoretical aspects and/or the resoluction of practical cases with the same orientation and difficulty as the cases solved in class.



To pass the subject, a minimum global mark of 5 (pass) is needed.

Temary

Lesson 1 Boundary layer theory

a) Introduction, thickness of the BL, equations.

b) Laminar Boundary Layer (Blasius and Karman approaches)

c) Instability and transition to turbulent flow

d) Turbulent Boundary Layer (Prandtl theory, pressure gradient, detachment)



Lesson 2 Lift and drag analysis

a) Introduction: Forces on solid bodies. Dimensional analysis: drag and lift coefficients (CD and CL).

b) Drag: fiction and pressure drag, effect of shape, Reynolds number and roughness, the drag crisis. Von Karman vortex street.

c) Lift: lift generation mechanism, Kutta ¿ Joukowski theorem and Magnus effect, influence of the angle of attack, use of flaps, the stall, effects of compressibility.



Lesson 3 BETZ limit + BEM-Blade element momentum theory + Rotor aerodynamics

a) General Introduction to Wind Turbines

b) 1-D Momentum Theory for an Ideal Wind Turbine (Betz)

c) The Classical Blade Element Momentum Method

d) Beam Theory for the Wind Turbine Blade



Lesson 4 Flow control devices for HAWT (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines)

An overview about available knowledge, references and investigations on the active and passive flow control devices, initially developed for aeronautic industry that are currently being investigated and introduced on wind turbines.

Bibliography

Compulsory materials

All the basic materials necessary for the course are available in eGela

Basic bibliography

[1] Çengel, Y. A. Y Cimbala, J. M. Fluid Mechanics, Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2009.



[2] White, F.M. Fluid Mechanics, 7th Ed., Ed. McGraw-Hill, 2010



[3] The European Wind Energy Association (EWEA). Wind in Power: European Statistics. February 2015.

http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/publications/statistics/EWEA-Annual-Statistics-2014.pdf <br /><br /> <br /><br />[4] Poore, R., Lettenmaier, T. (2002) Alternative Design Study Report: WindPACT Advanced Wind Turbine Drive Train <br /><br />Designs Study. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/SR-500-33196. DOI: 10.2172/15004456 <br /><br /> <br /><br />[5] Wood, R.M. A Discussion of Aerodynamic Control Effectors (ACEs) for Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs), In AIAA¿s 1st <br /><br />Technical Conference and Workshop on Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle, Systems, Technologies, and Operations, <br /><br />Portsmouth, Virginia, number AIAA 2002-3494, May 2002. DOI: 10.2514/6.2002-3494 <br /><br /> <br /><br />[6] Wind Energy Journal. Online ISSN: 1099-1824. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%291099-1824 <br /><br />[7] Mohamed Gad-el-Hak. Flow Control: Passive, Active and Reactive Flow Management. Cambridge University Press <br /><br />2000. ISBN-10 0-521-77006-8 <br /><br /> <br /><br />[8] Schlichting, H. and Gersten, K. , Boundary Layer Theory, 8th ed., Springer, 2000 <br /><br /> <br /><br />[9] Panton, R. L., Incompressible Flow, 3rd Edition, J. Wiley <br /><br /> <br /><br />[10] Wind Energy Explained: Theory, Design and Application, 2nd Edition James F. Manwell, Jon G. McGowan, Anthony <br /><br />L. Rogers ISBN: 978-0-470-01500-1 December 2009 <br /><br /> <br /><br />[11] Wind Turbines Fundamentals, Technologies, Application, Economics Hau, Erich Ed. Sprimger 2013 <br /><br />

In-depth bibliography

[12] Kundu, P. K. y Cohen, I. M. Fluid Mechanics, 5h Ed., Academic Press, 2011



[13] Shames, I. H. Mechanics of Fluids, 4th Ed., McGraw - Hill, 2002

Journals

- Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science



- Experiments in Fluids



- Flow Measurement and Instrumentation



- Fluid Dynamics Research



- International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow



- International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer



- Journal of Fluid Mechanics



- Journal of Fluids Engineering



- Physics of fluids

Links

ANSYS: http://www.ansys.com/



STAR-CD: http://www.cd-adapco.com/